Automatic air-brake system.



G. MAGLOSK IE.

AUTOMATIC AIR BRAKE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION IILED AUG. 1% 1908.

Patented Apr. 27, 1909.

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\NVENTDRZ' Guam: MALEIEJKIE q. MAGLOSKIE. AUTOMATIC AIR BRAKE SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION IILBD AUG.14,1908.

Patentefi Apr, 27, 1909.

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AUTOMATIC AIR BRAKE SYSTEM. r v APPLIOATIUN FILED AUG. 14, 1908.

91 9,609. Patented Apr. 27, 1909. V 4 SHEETB-SHEET 3.

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AUTOMATIC AIR BRAKE SYSTEM. APPLIOATIOH FILED AUG. l4, 1M8.

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INVENTDRZ GEBRETE MABLDijI-HE BEST AVAILABLE cow UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE MAOLOSK IE, OF SOHENEOTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

AUTOMATIC AIR-BRAKE SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent;

Patented April 27, 1909.

Y Application filed August 14, 1908. Serial No. 448,489..

ments in the system disclosed in my earlier application, Serial No. 390,063,1iled August 24,1907. I I

' V In that earlier application I described an automatic air-brake system in which a graduated application and graduated release of the brakes are obtained, the system being so designed that the pressures in all the brake cyl inders are equal, notwithstanding differences in travel of the different brake cylin- The system described... com-' der pistons. prises a main valve having ports -for controlling the supply of air to, and the release of air from the brake cylinder, a piston for operating said valve, the piston chamber being in communication with the valve chamber on oneside of the piston and with the train pipe on the other, a reservoir carrying air at substantlally constant pressure, a controlling valve controlling the supply of air from said reservoir to the valve chamber of the main valve, and means for operating said control- 1 ling valve controlled in accordance with variations in the brake cylinder pressure? By means ol'- this arrangement a predetermined lowering and raising of thctrain pipe pressure results in a proportionate increase or de crease oi brake cylinder pressure and when port in the main valve, instead of directly to that proportionate increase or decrease has occurred the controlling valve is closed or opened as the case may be and the main valve is immediately returned to lap position. I *One feature of my'present invention consists in so arranging the connections from IGSOIZVOII to main valve established by the controlling valve, that when the controlling valve opens, it connects the reservo r to a the valve chamber of the main valve. This port is normally open to the valve chamber, but is closed when thefmain valve moves from release to lap T osition in graduating the release of the bra res. The obiect of thus disconnecting the controlling va ve from the valve chamber is to give a more positive actionto the valve mechanism, as will be best controlling valve and to train pipe, so as to accelerate the decreasein train ipe pressure, and in the latter of which bra e cylinder is connected to reservoir only. The purpose of providing this latter service position of the main valve is to avoid the result that would otherwise be reduced by a leaky brake cylinder. If a brake cylinder leaks, the re-' duction of pressure in the brake cylinder will cause the controlling valve to act'to supply air, from reservoir to the main valve, and to move the mainvalve into service position. If, in

is moved by brake cylinder leakage, the train pipe were connected to brake cylinder, the result would be to lower the train pipe pressure, and consequently to apply the brakes harder on all the train. By providing two service ositions, this result is avoided, while at t e same time, the advantage of .a quick service application is ob-- tamed. v

this service position, to WlliCh'tllG main valve 0 I further provide an einergcncy application position ofthe n1ain'valvc,;in which a connection. is opened from reservoir to brake cylinder independently of the controlling valve.

My invention will best be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which' i v Figure 1 shows diagrammatically an automatic air-brake system arranged in accordance with my invention, while Figs..2 to 7.,

inclusive, show cross-sectional -views of the valve rr'iechanism in release, full servloe,

service lap,-release lap, emergency, and partial servioe positions, respectlyely.

Referring first .to Fig. 1, 1 represents a motor-driven air com ressor, the motor of which is so plied wit current through the trolley or 0t or current collecting means 2, the switch '3, and pressure governor 4. The air. compressor supplies the main reservoir '5, which is connected through a pressure reducing valve 6, and a check vave 7 ton p connected .with the valve chamber of the 6 line to app y or to release the brakes.

. main. v es'tothe valve chamber 15.

service reservoir 8,-the air in which remains at substantially constant pressure. The main reservoir 5 is also connected through ressure reducing valve 6 to the reservoir -5 ine, or, as it is sometimes, called, the control pi e, 9. 10,10 represent motormans valves w 1ch are connected both to reservoir line 9 and'train pipe 11, and arranged to connect the train pi e to-atmosphere or to reservoir 12 represents-the automatic valve mechanism which controls the supply of air to, and the release ofair from, the brake cylinder 40.

41 represents a small pressure reservoir valve 12. t

Now, referring to Fig. 2, which shows the automatic valve mechanism 12 in cross-section, with the parts in release position, 13

'20 re resents a slide valve and 14 a graduating j l'- -va ve in the main valve chamber 15. The slide valve 13and graduating valve 14 are aetua'ted'by the piston 16, the piston chamher being 0 enon the ,iight-hand side to the valve chain or 15, and on the left-hand'sido in connection through the passage 17 with pipe 18 leading to the train pipe. 19 is a pipe leading'to the small pressure'reservoir 41 (see Fig; 1), which is thus in constant dommunication with the valve chamber 15.

The train pipe is also in communication through pipe 18 and passage 17 with a passage 20, in which is a check valve 21, and 'which opens through the-check valve to a I port in the valve seat of the main valves, 22

represents a pipe leading t0 brake cylinder. This pipe is in communication-with ports 23 and 24 in the valve seat of the main valve,

and is also connected througha passage 25- 4o Wli l'lfi chamber on the right-hand side of piston 26; the left-hand side of which piston is connected to atmosphere througha port- 27. On the s 'indle' ofthis piston is a second he left-hand side of piston 28 1s in communication with the valve champisten 28. T

ber 29., which is connected through pipe 30 --to serviee reservoir 8 (see Fig. 1). 'Inthe valve chamber 29 is a valve, 31 actuated by the pistons 26 and 28 jointly. This valve '31 has aort, which, in release position, as

shown in ig. 2, "connects thevalve chamber 129 through the passage 32with right-hand side of piston 28, and also to port 33 inthe a ve seat, which port is normally open Thus, with the valve mechanism in release position, the

i pressures on'both sides of piston 16, and .on

C; ing valve36 to the lower side, of a small pis BEST AVAILABLE COPY ton-o erated valve 37. The upper side of lhis c ieck valve opens into a'port- 38 in the valve seat For a service application of the brakes, the

train pipe: prelssur'e is reduced a suitable 7 amount, causing piston 16 to move to the left, bringing slide valve 13 and graduating ,valve 14 into the positions shown in Fig. 3. By thlsmovementof the valves, the port 23 in conunumcation with brake cylinder is disconnected from passage 31, uhich leads to atmosphere, and is 'connectwl to the valve chamber 15. This valvechamber is now in a communication with both the pressure reservoir 41 through pipe 19, and with the service reservoir 8 through port 33, valve -31, valve chamber 29 and pipe 30. A connection is also established from train-pi )e 18, through passages 17 and 20', check val ve 21, port '24 and pipe 22, to brake cylinder. Brake cylinderisthus conne "Led both to trainpipe and to the pressure and service reservoirs. By the flow of air to brake cylinder, the pressures in valve cl'iamber 15 and pres-'- sure reservoir 41, anrhconsecplently the pressure on the right-hand side of piston 28 are reduced, while the llow of air from train pipe; to brake cylinder accelerates the fall of traini e ressure and assists in roducin I h a 'quick application of the brakes. The valves remain in the position shown in Fig. 3 until the brake cylinder pressure rises to an amount determined by the amount that train pip'e pressure has been reduced. This brake cylinder pressure is impressed on the right-hand side ol piston- 26, and when it reaches a predetermined amount, forces this 'iston', and consequently the valve 31, toithe eft, as shown in Fig. 4, breaking the conriection from service reservoir 8 to valve chaiii- 3 ber 15. 'lhefurther flow of a small amount of air from chamber 15 to brake cylinder, reduces the pressure in chamber 15 sutticiently to cause piston 16 to move back toward the right to the position shown in Fig. 4, moving the graduating valve 14 so as to close the ports 23 and 24 leading to' brake cylinder. The valve is thus lapped, and the pressure in the brake. cylinder is maintained. A further decrease ofthe train pipe pressure results in a repetition of' further be seen that. the amount of variation 10' operation above described, 1

and an increase in brake cylinder pressure,

'Since the movement ol the main valve to hpp u that the 2 in brake cylinder pressure for a given variation 1 25 imtrain pipe pressure depends on the relative sizes of pistons'26 and By making piston 26 snrallnas shown,the brake cyhnder pressure must rise a greater amount than the train pipe pressui e is decreased, in. order to gfe pressures on the pisthe brake cylinder, is thereby connected] through passage 34' to atmosphere and the pressure in the brake cylinder reduced. When this pressure has fallen a certain amount, reducing the pressure on the righthand side of piston 26, the service reservoir pressure in valve chamber 29, overcoming the sum of" the pressures exerted on pistons 28and 26 respectively by the air pressures in valve chamber 15 and in brake cylinder, moves pistons 26 and 28, and valve 31 to the right to the positions shown in Fig. 2, again connecting service reservoir to valve chamher 15; When the'pi'essure in valve chain-- ber 15 is raised sufficiently, piston 16 is moved back toward the left into the position shown in Fig. 5, moving the graduating valve 14 soas to close 'the port 23 connected to brake cylinder, and also to close the port 33 connected to the right-hand piston 28. The closing of the first port stops the exhaust from brake cylinder, while the closing of the second port causes the pressure on therighthand side of piston 28 to rise rapidly, forcing 1 the piston 28 back toward the left, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to disconnect service reservoir from main valve. A. further increase of train-pipe pressure results in a repetition. of the operations above described, and a further reduction of brake-cylinder pressure;

For an emergency application, the trainpipe pressure is reduced a greater amount as shownin Fig. 6, thereby than for service application, so that piston 16 s moved to its extreme left-hand position, establishing a connection from brake cylinder to service reservoir; as in the service application position of Fig.8, and also connecting port 24', which is in communication with brake cylinder, to port 38, which is in. communication with the upper side' of the small piston open ated valve 37. The pressure on the upper side of this check valve is thus reduced causing the I check valve to open and establishing a direct connection, independent of the controlling .valve, from service reservoir through pipe 30,

passage 35, pressure-reducing valve 36, and

cheek valve 37 to brake cylinder. The

-valve 36@serves to limit thebrake cylinder pressure in emergency application, in order that the brakes may be released after application, which-could not be done if the full reservoir press-urewe're admitted to brake cylinder and consequently to piston 26.

If., while the brakes are applied, the valve mpdhanisn being in thelap position'shown in Fig. 4, air leaks from'the rake cylinder,

so as to reduce the pressure on the right- BEST AVAILABLE co y hand side of piston 26, valve 31 is moved to tion of Fig. 7, in addition to the full service position of Fig.3, leakage of air from the brake cylinder is prevented from lowering the train-pipe pressure, while at the same time for ordinary service application, the

train-pipe is exhausted into brake cylinder,

so as. to'accelerate the application'of the brakes.

I do not desire to limit myself to the particular construction and arrangement of claims to cover all -1nodiiications 'which are within the scope of my invention. What I claim as new and desire to se'cure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-' 1. An automatic air brake system, com prising a brake cylinder, a train-pipaafnain valve for controllingthe supply of air toand the releaseot air from the ...rake cylinder, a piston for operating said valve, the piston chamber being in communication with the valve chamber on one side of the piston and with the train-pipe on the other, a reservoir containing air under substantially constant pressure, a'controlling valve for connecting said reservoir to and disconnecting it from a port of said. main valve, said port being normally open to said valve chamber but in ranged tobe closed by said main valve in one variations of pressure in the brake cylinder for controlling the operation of said con trolling valve.

2. An automatic brake system, comprising a brake cylinder, a train-pipe, a main valvefor controlling the su )ply of air to and the release of air from the rake cylinder, a piston. for operating said valve, the piston chamber being in communication with the valve clurmber on one side of'the piston and with the train pipe on theother, a reservoir containing air under substantially constant pressure, a controlling valve for connecting port of said main valve, said port beingnore inally open. to said valve chamber but arranged to be closedby said main valve in moving from release to lap position, and

means responsive to variations in brake. cylnder ress'ureror controlling the operation of sai controlling valve.

3. An automatic air .brakesystem, comparts here shown, but aim in the appended position thereof, and means responsive to said reservoir to and disconnecting it from a prising a brake cylinder, at train-pipe, a main valve tor controlling the supply of air to and.

one position thereotl't lie controlling valve be .5 ing providedavith a pisttIii-connected on one -side-to its o-fa'n valve chamber and on the other side to he valve chambei ot' the niain valve and a second piston connected (prone .sideto bra he cylinder and on the other side to atmosphere.

4. An automatic air brake system, comprising a brake c vlinder. a train-pipe, a main valve for controlling the .su \plv of air to and the release 'of air from the brake c vl-imlcr,1,a

g5 piston toi"opcrating said valve, the piston chamber being in communication with the valve chamber on one side of the piston andwith the tralh-pipe on the other. a reservoir I containing air under substantially constant. pressure, a controlling valve for connecting said reservoir to and disconnecting it from a port of said main valve. said port being nor mally open to said valve chamber but ar-' ranged .to be losed by said main valve in one position thereof, and operating means for said controlling valve subjected to'a'substn-ntiall v constant pressure opposed to the 'sum of brake cylinder pressure and a pressure corres onding to the pressure in the 40 valve chamber of the main valve.

An automatic air brake system, com prising a brake cylinder. a. train-pipe, a main valve tor controlling the supply of air to and I the release ot" air from the brake cylinder. a piston lor operating said valve, the piston chamber being in comtnunication with the valve chamber on one side ol the piston and with the train-pipe on the other, a small pressure reservoir in constant communication 5'0 ,with the valve chainber. a service reservoir containing air under substantiallyconstant 'pressure,'a controlling valve for connecting said service reservoir to anddisconnecting it from a )ortol' the main valve, said portbeing normally opento said valve chamber both in releasev andin application ot the brakes but arranged to be. closed by said main valve in one position thereof, ahd means responsive to variations of brake cylinder pressure for co, controlling the operation ot' said controlling valve. I t

(S. An automatic aiiflbrake cm, coni- )risitn a brake c- 'li'nd'er a train- )i re a main r t i I valve for control ing the suppl oft air for opcrating said valve, the piston chainber being BEST AVAILABLE COPY tion from-said reservoir to the main valve,

the main valve being arranged in a full serv-' ice position to connect brake cylinder to both said reservoir connection and to train-pipe and in a partial service position to connect brake cylinder to said reservoir connection only, and means responsive to variations of brake cylinder pressure for controlling the operation of said controlling valve.

7. -\n automatic anbrake system, .com-

prising a brake cylinder, a trailbpipe, a mainvalve for controlling the. supplvof air to and the release of air from the brake cylinder, a

piston fo'r operatingsaid valve, the piston chamber being in connnunication with the valve chamber on one'side of the piston and with the train pipe on the other, a reservoir containing air under substantially constant pressure. a controlling valve. for establishing and breaking a connection from said reservoir to the main valve, the main valvebeing arranged in a full service position to connect brake c vlinder to bothsaid reservoir connection and to train-pipeand in a partial position'to connect brake c vlinder to said reservoir connections only, 'a check valve inserted in the connection through the main valve from train-pipe to lll'ltlx't c vlinder, and means controlled b v brake cylinder pressurefor controlling the operation ol the controlling valve. I

prising a brake evlinder, a train-pipe, a main valve for controlling the, su ply of air to and the release of air from the )rake c vlinder, a piston for operating said valve, the piston chamber being in communication with the valve chamber on one side of the piston and with the train-pipe on the other,areservoir containing. air under subst'antialtv constant pressure, a controlling valve for connecting said reservoir to and disconnecting it from a Port ol said main valve, said port being I1ormallv open to said valve chamber but arranged to be closed by said main valve in one position thcrcot. said main valve being arranged in a lull service positn n to connect both its valve chamber and ttain-pipe tomrt-ial service position brake c vlinder and in its valve chamber-onlv, and'nican's responsive to variations in brake c vlinder pressure for controlling the operation of the control ling valve. 9. An automatic air brake system, comprising a brake c tinder, a train-pipe, a main valve for controlling the su pl of air to and the release ol air from the lit. e cylinder, a piston for operating said valve, t to piston chamber being in communication with the valve chamber on one side of the piston and s. Anautomatic airbrakesystem, comto said valve chamber variations f brake cylinder pressure for controlling t e valve. 7

10. .An automatic air brake system,con 1 prising a brake c linder, a train pipe a main valve for controlhng the su ply of air to and the release of air' from the rake c linder, a piston for operating said "valve, t e iston chamber being in communication wit the operation or the controlling I valve chamber on one side of the piston and with the train-pipe on the other, a reservoir containing air under substantially constant pressure, a controlling valve for establishing and breaking a connection from said reservoir tn the main valve, the main valve, being a-r-v ranged in an emergency position to estalzlish a connection from said reservoir to brake cylinder independent of. the controlling valve,

A and means responsive to variations of Brake cylinder pressure for controlling the operav 11. An automatic air'hrake system, (30111- {chamber being 1n communication with the 40 'valve chamber on one side of the piston and tion of the controlling valve.

prising a brake c linder, a traimpipe, a main valve for contro g the supply of air to and the release of air from the piston for operating said valve, 1; e plston rake c linder, a

BEST AVAILABLE COPY with the train-pipe on the other, a reservoir,

containing air under substantially constant pressure, a controlling valve for establishing and breaking a connection from said reservoir to the main valve, the main valve being arranged in anpmergency position to estab-' -Iish a connection from saidrpservoir to brake cylinder mdependent of the controlling valve,

a pressure-reducing valve in said independent connect1o11, and means responsive to brake cylinder pressure for controlling the operatlorl of the controlling valve.

prising a brake c linder, a train-pipe, a main valve for control ing the su ply of air to and the release of air from the, rake cgllinder, a piston for operating said valve, t e iston chamber being in communication Wit the valve chamber on one side of'the piston and with the train-pipe on the other, a' reservoir 12. An automaticair brake system; com-' containing air under substantially constant pressure, a controlling valve for connecting said reservoir to and disconnecting from a port of said main valve, said port .bellig normally open to said valve chamber but arranged to be closed by said main valve in one p0.s1tion thereof, said main valve being arranged in an emergency position to establish a connection from said reservoir to brake cylinder independent of the controlling valve,- and means responsive to variations of brake cylinder pressure for controlling the I operation of the controlling valve.

In witness 'whereofll have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of August, 1908.

GEORGE MACLOSKIE.

Witnes'ses:

HELEN ORFonD, BENJAMIN B. HULL. 

